Predictors of consistent condom use based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model among female sex workers in Jinan,China

Background  

Female commercial sex workers (FSWs) are at high risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission in China. This study was designed to examine the predictors of condom use with clients during vaginal intercourse among FSWs based on the Information-Motivation-Behavioral Skills (IMB) model and to describe the relationships between IMB model constructs.     

Screening patients with Diabetes Mellitus for Tuberculosis in China

Objective There is a high burden of both diabetes (DM) and tuberculosis (TB) in China, and as DM increases the risk of TB and adversely affects TB treatment outcomes, there is a need for bidirectional screening of the two diseases. How this is best performed is not well determined. In this pilot project in China, we aimed to assess the feasibility and results of screening DM patients for TB within the routine healthcare setting of five DM clinics. Method Agreement on how to screen, monitor and record was reached in May 2011 at a national stakeholders meeting, and training was carried out for staff in the five clinics in July 2011. Implementation started in September 2011, and we report on 7 months of activities up to 31 March 2012. DM patients were screened for TB at each clinic attendance using a symptom‐based enquiry, and those positive to any symptom were referred for TB investigations. Results In the three quarters, 72% of 3174 patients, 79% of 7196 patients and 68% of 4972 patients were recorded as having been screened for TB, resulting in 7 patients found who were already known to have TB, 92 with a positive TB symptom screen and 48 of these newly diagnosed with TB as a result of referral and investigation. All patients except one were started on anti‐TB treatment. TB case notification rates in screened DM patients were several times higher than those of the general population, were highest for the five sites combined in the final quarter (774/100 000) and were highest in one of the five clinics in the final quarter (804/100 000) where there was intensive in‐house training, special assignment of staff for screening and colocation of services. Conclusion This pilot project shows that it is feasible to carry out screening of DM patients for TB resulting in high detection rates of TB. This has major public health and patient‐related implications.     

中国内地人感染H7N9禽流感疫情流行病学特征分析

目的 分析中国内地人感染H7N9禽流感疫情.方法 以2013年以来我国内地报告的确诊H7N9禽流感病例为研究对象,采用描述性流行病学方法分析病例的时间、空间和人群分布特点.结果 截至2014年6月4日中国内地共确诊人感染H7N9禽流感病例433例,死亡163人.2013年3－4月及2014年1－2月分别为2个发病高峰.病例分布在14个省(市),报告病例数前五位的省份为浙江、广东、江苏、上海、湖南,占总报告病例数的85%;病例年龄1～91岁(M=58岁);男性占70%.82%的病例在发病前有活禽相关的暴露史.共发生14起聚集性病例,其中9起发生人传人的可能性大.结论 中国内地人感染H7N9禽流感疫情有较明显的季节分布特点,同时呈现一定的区域聚集性;感染人群以老年人为主,男性多于女性;感染来源主要为禽类.